With the 3D view focused: W/A/S/D orbit, +/− zoom. Use the structure menu to inspect anatomy.
↗
Follow the pressure gradient
Select a chamber, vessel, or valve to connect its anatomy with
the current phase.
PRESSURE–VOLUME LOOP
LV
FIVE CELLS. ONE CONDUCTION SEQUENCE.
Cell-specific action potentials with activation offsets. Voltage:
mV; time: ms.
Epicardial cells usually repolarize earlier because their action
potentials are shorter. Reversal of the repolarization sequence and
polarity helps explain an upright T wave in leads with a positive QRS;
the full T wave reflects three-dimensional regional gradients. The long
ventricular refractory period prevents summation and tetanus.
Idealized teaching model · not patient-specific · external expert
validation pendingv0.1.2